1,759 words. Reference document; its scope and limits are stated inside it. Source: Graph/PRIMARY-SOURCE-REGISTER.md. Graph systems, shelf 5 of 8; library release 2026.09.12-g40.
All review dates: 2026-09-12. A review date is not a source publication date. Sources were used for the scoped graph expansion, not to revalidate the entire original corpus. URLs are references to live documents, not archived snapshots.
S01 — Creating helpful, reliable, people-first content
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- E-E-A-T and authorship guidance; not a specific standalone ranking factor.
- Does not establish
- Does not specify an E-E-A-T graph, public numeric score, or guaranteed outcomes.
S02 — Organization structured data
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Published organization identification and supported structured-data properties.
- Does not establish
- Does not establish facts about Joseph or require every domain to be a separate business.
S03 — ProfilePage structured data
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Profile pages focused on one affiliated Person or Organization and their eligible markup.
- Does not establish
- Does not guarantee a knowledge panel or authorize invented biographies.
S04 — sameAs
- Publisher
- Schema.org
- Supports
- A reference URL that unambiguously identifies the same item.
- Does not establish
- Does not mean related topic, common ownership, endorsement, or automatic provider recognition.
S05 — Person
- Publisher
- Schema.org
- Supports
- Vocabulary for people and documented person properties.
- Does not establish
- Vocabulary availability does not verify a credential or relationship.
S06 — Brand
- Publisher
- Schema.org
- Supports
- A brand is representable separately from the organization, website, and person.
- Does not establish
- Does not establish legal status or ownership.
S07 — Service
- Publisher
- Schema.org
- Supports
- Service, provider, and service-area modeling vocabulary.
- Does not establish
- Does not establish a physical branch or guarantee a rich result.
S08 — General structured data guidelines
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Visible-content accuracy, policies, and feature eligibility.
- Does not establish
- Valid JSON alone does not guarantee eligibility or display.
S09 — A guide to Google Search ranking systems
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Link analysis and evolved PageRank are among documented ranking systems.
- Does not establish
- Does not expose present proprietary weights or make a local centrality score a Google score.
S10 — Knowledge Graph Search API
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Read-only entity search; individual matches rather than an interconnected graph; migration and critical-dependency warnings.
- Does not establish
- Not an ingestion API, full graph export, authority score, or recommended new production dependency.
S11 — Introducing the Knowledge Graph: things, not strings
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Historical disclosure of an entity-and-relationship system.
- Does not establish
- Historical counts and implementation details must not be presented as current.
S12 — RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax
- Publisher
- W3C
- Supports
- Triples, directed labeled graphs, IRIs, and RDF datasets.
- Does not establish
- This pinned specification is not a requirement imposed on ordinary SEO websites.
S13 — JSON-LD 1.1
- Publisher
- W3C
- Supports
- JSON-based Linked Data representation, identifiers, contexts, and graphs.
- Does not establish
- Serialization does not establish truth or search-engine ingestion.
S14 — PROV-O: The PROV Ontology
- Publisher
- W3C
- Supports
- Entities, activities, agents, and provenance relationships.
- Does not establish
- Does not certify source independence or guarantee factual correctness.
S15 — SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System Reference
- Publisher
- W3C
- Supports
- Concept schemes, labels, broader/narrower and related concepts.
- Does not establish
- A topic taxonomy is not a public Google topical-authority score.
S16 — Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)
- Publisher
- W3C
- Supports
- Validation of data graphs against shapes and constraints.
- Does not establish
- A conforming graph is not necessarily factually true.
S17 — Consolidate duplicate URLs
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Canonicalization of duplicate or similar documents and associated signals.
- Does not establish
- Document equivalence is not identity equivalence between their publishers.
S18 — Localized versions of your pages
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Language/region alternative page annotations.
- Does not establish
- Does not require unrelated regional doorway pages or prove a business has offices there.
S19 — Make your links crawlable
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Discoverable links and useful anchor text.
- Does not establish
- Does not prescribe an ideal universal link count or expose link weights.
S20 — JavaScript SEO basics
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Crawling, rendering, links, content, and JavaScript delivery considerations.
- Does not establish
- Does not make a successful browser run proof that an external engine indexed the page.
S21 — Optimizing for generative AI features on Google Search
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- SEO foundations, query fan-out, no special AI schema/file requirement, and current reporting guidance.
- Does not establish
- Does not mandate a public graph endpoint or disclose an exact query fan-out for a particular result.
S22 — AI Performance help
- Publisher
- Microsoft Bing
- Supports
- Documented grounding-query and cited-page observations with metric boundaries.
- Does not establish
- Citations are not rankings, authority, traffic, or the complete universe of AI usage.
S23 — Introducing AI Performance in Bing Webmaster Tools: Public Preview
- Publisher
- Microsoft Bing
- Supports
- Dated February 2026 launch context for citation reporting.
- Does not establish
- Launch documentation alone does not establish all later report fields.
S24 — GraphRAG documentation
- Publisher
- Microsoft
- Supports
- Graph-based organization and retrieval of a corpus with entity/community representations.
- Does not establish
- Not proof that public search products use this implementation or that it beats every baseline.
S25 — GraphRAG local search
- Publisher
- Microsoft
- Supports
- Retrieval combining graph-linked entities with original text units.
- Does not establish
- Generated extraction or summaries must not be treated as independently verified facts.
S26 — Hierarchical Navigable Small World graphs
- Publisher
- Malkov and Yashunin
- Supports
- Primary research on graph-based approximate nearest-neighbor search.
- Does not establish
- Vector proximity is not identity, entailment, citation support, or human authority.
S27 — Overview of OpenAI crawlers
- Publisher
- OpenAI
- Supports
- Separate search, training, and user-directed access roles.
- Does not establish
- Allowing a crawler does not guarantee citation or train an assistant on a private uploaded graph.
S28 — LocalBusiness structured data
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Feature-specific business/location representations and requirements.
- Does not establish
- A service area must not be used to invent a physical location; publication needs privacy review.
S29 — Review snippet structured data
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Review feature eligibility and self-serving LocalBusiness/Organization review restrictions.
- Does not establish
- Authentic testimonials do not automatically qualify for review stars.
S30 — Product structured data
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Product and offer information in supported search experiences.
- Does not establish
- Does not imply all product information is current or validate feed/landing-page agreement.
S31 — Shopping Graph explained
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Documented shopping graph as a product and shopping-information system.
- Does not establish
- Not a graph publishers can directly overwrite; historical quantities are not current metrics.
S32 — Event structured data
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Event-specific dates, locations, and feature modeling.
- Does not establish
- Not every service, sale, or recurring business schedule is an eligible event.
S33 — Google Images SEO best practices
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Image discovery, contextual information, and relevant metadata.
- Does not establish
- Does not mandate the custom multimedia graph defined in this package.
S34 — Video SEO best practices
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Video discovery and page/asset context.
- Does not establish
- A transcript or graph record alone does not prove a video is eligible or indexed.
S35 — The Open Graph protocol
- Publisher
- Open Graph protocol
- Supports
- Social-preview metadata including title, type, image, and URL.
- Does not establish
- Open Graph is not Google Knowledge Graph, an E-E-A-T score, or GraphRAG.
S36 — Help: Sources
- Publisher
- Wikidata
- Supports
- Source-backed statements in Wikidata.
- Does not establish
- Does not justify creating promotional identities or ignoring project inclusion policies.
S37 — How it is built
- Publisher
- OpenAlex
- Supports
- Public scholarly data assembled from multiple sources.
- Does not establish
- Dataset inclusion does not prove a person authored a work or that a claim is true.
S38 — Economic Graph
- Publisher
- LinkedIn
- Supports
- A documented professional/economic graph initiative.
- Does not establish
- Not evidence that LinkedIn connections cause Google rankings or establish credentials.
S39 — PageRank algorithm documentation
- Publisher
- NetworkX
- Supports
- Computing PageRank on a graph supplied by the analyst.
- Does not establish
- Not access to the Google ranking graph or proprietary PageRank values.
S40 — Bipartite graphs
- Publisher
- NetworkX
- Supports
- Two-set graph modeling and graph operations.
- Does not establish
- Does not make a query-document projection a disclosed search-engine system.
S41 — Components
- Publisher
- NetworkX
- Supports
- Connected and strongly connected component algorithms.
- Does not establish
- A cycle in ordinary site navigation is not inherently a defect.
S42 — ODRL Information Model 2.2
- Publisher
- W3C
- Supports
- Permissions, prohibitions, and duties as a policy description.
- Does not establish
- Descriptions do not enforce access or certify valid legal consent.
S43 — Spam policies for Google web search
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Abuse boundaries including link spam and scaled content abuse.
- Does not establish
- Does not authorize manipulation because it is expressed as graph construction.
S44 — Helping you along your Search journeys
- Publisher
- Google
- Supports
- Historical disclosure of a Topic Layer associated with Knowledge Graph.
- Does not establish
- Not evidence of current complete architecture, exact graph weights, or a publisher-controlled feature.
S45 — Knowledge-Based Trust: Estimating the Trustworthiness of Web Sources
- Publisher
- Dong and colleagues
- Supports
- Historical primary research estimating source trustworthiness from extracted factual information while distinguishing extraction errors.
- Does not establish
- Not proof of current Google deployment, a public SEO score, or equivalence with E-E-A-T.
S46 — Knowledge Vault: A Web-Scale Approach to Probabilistic Knowledge Fusion
- Publisher
- Google Research
- Supports
- Historical primary research combining web extractions and prior knowledge with probabilistic fusion.
- Does not establish
- A research publication is not a currently available submission endpoint or guaranteed factual correctness.
S47 — HITS: hubs and authorities
- Publisher
- NetworkX
- Supports
- Official implementation documentation for separate hub and authority scores on an input graph.
- Does not establish
- Not an engine-provided E-E-A-T score or evidence that this exact implementation runs in current Google Search.
S48 — Jigs and Lures: Associating Web Queries with Strongly-Typed Entities
- Publisher
- Microsoft Research
- Supports
- Primary research using query–entity click graphs to model associations.
- Does not establish
- An association does not establish identity or truth; experimental logs are not the user's available data or current production specification.
S49 — Combating Web Spam with TrustRank
- Publisher
- Gyöngyi, Garcia-Molina, and Pedersen / VLDB
- Supports
- Historical primary research using expert-reviewed seeds and link structure for spam detection; abstract and introductory graph model inspected.
- Does not establish
- Does not establish current deployment in Google, a universal seed list, or permission to manufacture trust links.